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Informe Final Datos Monitoría Arrecifes de Coral en Reservas Naturales 2007 : Monitoring of Coral Reef Communities at Isla Desecheo, Rincon, Guanica, Ponce, Isla Caja de Muertos and Mayaguez
A total of 12 reefs from six Natural Reserves were included in the 2007 national coral reef monitoring program of Puerto Rico. These included reef sites at Isla Desecheo, Rincon, Mayaguéz, Guánica, Isla Caja de Muerto and Ponce. At each reef, quantitative measurements of the percent substrate cover by sessile-benthic categories and visual surveys of species richness and abundance of fishes and motile megabenthic invertebrates were performed along sets of five permanent transects. The sessile-benthic community at the reef systems of Puerto Botes and Puerto Canoas (Isla Desecheo), Tourmaline Reef (Mayaguez), Cayo Coral (Guánica), West Reef (Caja de Muerto – Ponce), and Derrumbadero Reef (Ponce) presented statistically significant differences of live coral cover. Live coral cover during the present 2007 monitoring survey presented a pattern of mild reductions relative to 2006 levels for almost all reef sites monitored. Declines of live coral cover between the 2007 and 2006 surveys were statistically significant (ANOVA; p < 0.05) at Tourmaline Reef (depth: 20 m) and at Puerto Canoas Reef (depth: 30m) in Isla Desecheo. Such reductions of live coral cover are here considered as lingering effects of the 2005 coral bleaching event. The decline of (total) live coral cover at the reef community level during 2006, and now extending into 2007 was largely driven by mortality of Boulder Star Coral, Montastrea annularis (complex), a highly dominant species in terms of reef substrate cover and the principal reef building species. Fish populations presented a general trend of declining abundance and species richness within belt-transects. Variations between surveys were mostly associated with reductions of abundance by numerically dominant populations that exhibit highly aggregated distributions in the immediate vicinity of live coral heads, such as the Masked Goby (Coryphopterus personatus) and the Blue Chromis (Chromis cyanea). It is uncertain at this point if such reductions of abundance by reef fishes closely associated with coral habitats are related to the massive coral mortality exhibited by reef systems in the monitoring program.
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